A peripheral smear, also known as a blood smear, is a laboratory test that examines a small sample of blood under a microscope. The test is often done as part of a complete blood count (CBC) test and can provide important information about the structure and function of the blood cells.

During a peripheral smear test, a small drop of blood is placed on a glass slide and spread out into a thin layer. The slide is then stained with special dyes that allow the different types of blood cells to be seen under a microscope.

The test allows healthcare providers to examine the size, shape, and structure of the red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. This information can help diagnose and monitor a variety of medical conditions, including anemia, infections, and bleeding disorders.

For example, a peripheral smear can help diagnose certain types of anemia, such as sickle cell anemia and thalassemia, which affect the shape and structure of red blood cells. The test can also help diagnose infections, such as malaria, which can be identified by the presence of certain parasites in the blood.

In addition, a peripheral smear can help diagnose and monitor bleeding disorders, such as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), which is characterized by low levels of platelets in the blood. Platelets can be seen on the peripheral smear as small, round, dark structures.

Overall, the peripheral smear test is a valuable tool for healthcare providers in diagnosing and monitoring a wide range of medical conditions affecting the blood cells.